This course provides students with basic knowledge on: Binary Systems; Boolean Algebra; Digital Logic Gates, Integrated Circuits, Gate-Level Minimization; Analysis and Design Combinational Logic; Multiplexer and Decoders,.

This course provides students with basic knowledge on synchronous sequential machines. Topics include: Memory elements, Sequential circuits analysis, Sequential circuits design, Registers and Counters, Memory and Programmable Logic Devices, Register Transfers and Datapaths, Sequencing and Control

This lab help students get a hands on familiarity with the concepts they come across in the logic design course. Experiments are designed in such a way that students become well aware of the concepts they learn in the theory sessions: Logic Gates, Boolean Functions, NAND & NOR Implementations, Adders and Subtracters, Flip-Flops, Sequential Circuits Analysis and Design, Counters and Shift Registers.

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs): architecture, features, timing parameters, configuration. Hardware Description Languages (HDLs): History, purpose, categories, vendors and associated CAD tools. VHDL: constructs, modeling for simulation, synthesis and verification, coding styles, effect of style on synthesis, synthesis of combinational and sequential logic, capabilities to deal with hierarchy, subprograms, test benches

History of computers. Basic computer organization. Performance evaluation. Data representation. Instruction sets and instruction formats. Machine and Assembly language programming. Assembler function and design. ALUs; Processor organization and design. Pipelining. Micro-programmed CPU. Comparison between CISC, RISC and VLIW processors. Memory Hierarchy. Cache System design. Storage and I/O. Introduction to Multicore and multiprocessors

This lab helps students deepening their understand of the content of CEN313, where advanced digital design techniques are utilized in a practical way to develop, design, analyze, simulate and implement logic digital circuits. VHDL and relevant CAD tools shall be used in the design and implementation of digital systems, where the complete design cycle shall be introduced. Students will have hand-on experience in utilizing the basic structures of VHDL, VHDL simulation and VHDL synthesis, and FPGA implementation.

Mathematical description and classification of various signals and systems: introduction to mathematical software packages, continuous linear time-invariant systems, convolution and correlation, Fourier series and transforms, Laplace transform, applications to communication systems: modulation/demodulation of AM, double sideband suppressed carrier, single sideband, and FM/PM systems.

Introduction to communication systems; Network architecture and the OSI reference model; Transmission media; Transmission Impairments; Data encoding; Data Synchronization; Data Link Control; Multiplexing; Spread Spectrum.

Covers probability theory, random variables, descriptive statistics, random sampling, statistical intervals and hypothesis testing for a single sample, stochastic processes, spectral characteristics and applications to systems.

Transmission media characteristics and impairments; Digital modulation techniques: PCM, DPCM, and DM; Basic Shift Keying methods using: amplitude, phase, and frequency; Multiplexing techniques using analog and digital signals; Basic modem structure; Fiber optics communication.

History and overview; sampling theorem, aliasing; sampled signals, periodic signals, non-periodic signals; impulse response and convolution; digital spectra analysis; discrete Fourier transform, fast Fourier transform; z-transform; digital filters, FIR and IIR filter design; windowing; effect of finite word length in digital signal processors; application in audio and image processing.

Probability theory: random variables, transformation of random variable. Probability density functions. Markov chains: stochastic processes, Poisson and Exponential processes. Queuing Systems: Little’s theorem, M/M/1, M/M/1/K, and M/G/1. Computer simulation: random number generators, validation tests, generating random variables, event-driven simulation. Simulation languages and software simulation

Large-scale MOS design: MOS transistors, static and dynamic MOS gates, stick diagrams, programmable logic array design, MOS circuit fabrication, design rules, resistance and capacitance extraction, power and delay estimates, scaling, MOS combinational and sequential logic design, register and clocking schemes, memory, data-path, and control unit design. Elements of computer-aided circuit analysis and layout techniques.

Students will be introduced to several computer arithmetic topics at an advanced level. Topics include: Standard and unconventional number representations, design of fast two-operand and multioperand adders, high-speed multiplication and division algorithms, floating-point numbers, algorithms, and hardware algorithms. Also, implementation like pipelined, digit-serial and fault-tolerant arithmetic processors are introduced

Provide students with basic knowledge on VLSI Testing Problem, and its complexity. Topics include VLSI Testing process, Combinational Circuit Test Generation, Sequential Circuit Test Generation, Statistical Algorithms and Fault Analysis, Design for Testability, Built-in-Self-Test, Self-Checking-Circuits, Fault-Tolerant-Design

Architecture and Instruction set of different 16 bit microprocessors; Microprocessor chips and LSI technology; Supporting chips (Buffers, decoders, system clock generator, reset system); Memory chips and subsystems Interfacing 16-bit Microcomputers. Architecture of Microprocessor based systems, design technique, memory and I/O devices interfacing to the microprocessor, interfacing technique, I/O techniques: Interrupts, Direct memory access; System development and design tools techniques: hardware, and software.

Lab experiments include: Logic analyzer investigation, writing C code and debugging it using the simulator and the emulator, Interrupts and timers, EEPROM and program memory lookup tables, LCD module interface (using 8-bits bus) and programming the LCD controller registers, Keypad interface, Serial communications , Analog-Digital module.

Introducing embedded system design concepts. Investigating the architecture of the PIC24 processors family and its instruction set. Programming embedded systems with assembly and C. Configuring different processor modules, such as: reset, oscillator interrupts, timers, Analog/Digital, serial communications.

Introduction to computer networks: Network topologies; Network architecture and the OSI reference model; Data Link Control: flow control and error control, ARQ Stop/wait , Sliding window protocols, DLC standards : HDLC , PPP and SLIP; Medium Access control Protocols and standards; ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Token Ring , Wireless; LAN standards & Devices: Ethernet and IEEE standards for LANs; LAN devices: Bridges, HUBs, Ethernet Switches; Network Layer Services: Datagram and Virtual Circuits; WAN Standards and techniques: X.25, Frame relay, ATM.

Network Layer; Routing Algorithms: Optimality principle, Distance Vector, Link State, Shortest Path, Broadcast; Congestion control Algorithms: Leaky Bucket, Traffic Shaping; Internetworking Protocols: The Internet Network layer, IP Tunneling and Concatenated Virtual Circuits, IP datagram forwarding, encapsulation, fragmentation and reassembly; Transport Layer Protocols: TCP and UDP services, designs, and performance.

Peer-to-Peer and Server-based networks; LAN components and their Interaction; Common Transport Protocols; Router configuration; Bridged networks; Performance analysis of LANs; Virtual networks; Network security, Wireless networks.

Overview, Security Concepts, Attacks, Services; Block Ciphers; Block Cipher Operation; Public-Key Cryptography and RSA; Cryptographic Hash Functions; User Authentication Protocols; Transport-Level Security; Wireless Network Security; IP Security; Intruders; Malicious Software; Firewalls.

Introduction to broadband networks; Switches: Crossbar, Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs), High performance switches; Network Control and Management Protocols in High Speed Networks; SDH/SONET: protocol layers, configuration, and frame structures; ATM networks: protocols, services, layering and architecture; High speed networks: MPLS, 10-Gigabit Ethernet, Broadband Wireless networks.

Continuous Systems: Review of mathematical representation of systems (transfer functions) modeling and parameter identification, system analysis in time domain, system stability, steady state error and compensator design. Discrete Systems: System modeling and parametric identification; Difference equations; review of Z transform; Review of sampling and reconstruction; Stability analysis; steady state error; Design of discrete-time control systems.

Experiments and lectures introduce the students to the practical aspects of digital control techniques. Topics include the analyze of the open loop systems and how to design a controller (PID and two position controller - analogue and digital) that increases tracking performances. To check the effectiveness of the controller, students perform simulation using (MATLAB/SIMULINK) software. The last step is the implementation of the digital control via personnel computer using C/C++ or software acquired with experiments.

Some applications of intelligent systems in computer engineering field: artificial intelligence definitions, knowledge representation, Search techniques, Connectionist neural networks, learning and adaptation, fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, Applications to signals and systems.

Historical development of robotics, robot arm kinematics, inverse kinematics, trajectory planning, dynamics and control, applications of mobile robots, autonomous mobile robots (navigation and localization), Computer vision, vision-based control, LEGO Mindstorms NXT , and other robotic devices for experiments, Internet and Web Robotics, future trends.

Review of sampling theorem, filtering, and noise management; speech and language fundamentals; speech perception and production; tools for digitally processing speech signal: windowing, pre-emphasis, and framing; linear predictive coding; applications of digital speech processing such as speech recognition and synthesis.

Compression Techniques: lossless and lossy compression, performance measures, coding. Mathematical Preliminaries for lossless compression: introduction to information theory, physical models, probability models, unique decodable codes, prefix codes. Lossless Compression Techniques: Huffman coding, nonbinary Huffman codes, adaptive Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, dictionary techniques, predictive coding. Mathematical Preliminaries for lossy compression: distortion criteria, information theory, conditional entropy, probability models. Quantization: adaptive quantization, non-uniform quantization. Compression Applications for Data, Voice and Video.

Introduction: TCP/IP and OSI models; Transport layer protocols: TCP, UDP, Standard Internet Services; Concurrent Servers: I/O Multiplexing, TCP Sockets, UDP Sockets, TCP and UDP Client/Server Applications; Name and Address Conversions; Web programming.

Optical fiber transmission medium: fiber modes, signal degradation, attenuation, dispersion. Optical components: filters, directional couplers, power attenuators, beam splitters, multiplexers, demultiplexers, cross connects, modulators, amplifiers; Optical communications: signal encoding, network structure, SDH and SONET, WDM, routing and wavelength assignment; DWDM Networks: Topologies, bandwidth management, wavelength management, interoperability.

Quantitative models of imaging systems, spatial domain and frequency domain methods, digital filter design for image enhancement and restoration, edge detection, image denoising, image segmentation, image enhancement, image restoration, image compression, and image representation and description.

Covers model of digital communication systems, base-band transmission and line coding techniques, geometric interpretation of signals, band-pass transmission and digital modulation techniques, optimum detection of known signals in AWGN channels, error correcting codes, spread spectrum systems-CDMA, modulation and coding trade-off, inter-symbol interference and synchronization.

The importance of ethics and well manners in Islamic teachings. The qualifications of employment from ethical perspective. Legal and ethical boundaries for employment. Good and bad manners for employment. Relations with supervisors, peers and customers. References to ethics and manners in Saudi legislations. Relevant international codes of ethics.

The student should take a B.Sc. project in related area to his specialization and with technical merit. This project is for two semesters, it is counted as three credits for the first semester. At the end of the semester the student submits a report describing his projects and the parts he completed in the first semester and proposed parts in the 2nd semester. The projects are oriented toward providing experience in the establishment of objectives, criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing, and evaluation; solution of open-ended problems; design methodology

The student should take a B.Sc. project in related area to his specialization and with technical merit. This project is for two semesters, it is counted as three credits for the first semester. At the end of the semester the student submits a report describing his projects and the parts he completed in the first semester and proposed parts in the 2nd semester. The projects are oriented toward providing experience in the establishment of objectives, criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing, and evaluation; solution of open-ended problems; design methodology

Probability theory: random variables, transformation of random variables. Markov chains: stochastic processes, Poisson and Exponential processes, birth-death Markov chains. Queuing theory: Little’s theorem, M/M/1, M/M/1/K, M/M/S/S, M/G/1. Network of queues: Burke theorem, Jackson theorem. Computer simulation: random number generators, validation tests, generating random variables, event-driven simulation, and simulation project of networking systems.

Computer representations of different number systems, Implementation of basic arithmetic operations such as: addition, multiplication, subtraction and division. Improving the performance metrics (speed, area and power). Current commercial designs, Recent researches in the field of computer arithmetic.

The principles and tradeoffs in the design of parallel architectures, Emphasis on: naming, latency, bandwidth, and synchronization in parallel machines. Case studies on shared memory, message passing, data flow, and data parallel machines. Architectural studies and lectures on techniques for programming parallel computers.

Instruction set principles, Pipelining, pipelining hurdles. Instruction level parallelism, Data hazards avoidance, Dynamic Scheduling, Dynamic Hardware prediction. Memory Hierarchy Design, Cache design, Storage systems, Busses, I/O performance measures. Interconnection Networks, Introduction Multiprocessors architectures.

Students will be introduced to several computer arithmetic topics at an advanced level. Topics include: Standard and unconventional number representations, design of fast two-operand and multioperand adders, high-speed multiplication and division algorithms, floating-point numbers, algorithms, and hardware algorithms. Also, implementation topics are introduced.

Parallel Computers, Message-Passing Computing (MPI), Embarrassingly Parallel Computations, Partitioning and Divide-and-Conquer Strategies, Pipelined Computations, Synchronous Computations, Programming with Shared Memory (OpenMp), Distributed Shared Memory Systems, Scalable Algorithmic Techniques, Load Balancing and Termination Detection, Case Studies: Image Processing/Numerical Algorithms.

This course provides an in-depth coverage of fundamental architecture and implementation techniques for modern processor chips. Topics include: Introduction, advanced pipelining, superscalar organization, Instruction Fetch, Branch Prediction, Register Renaming, Dynamic Scheduling, , multithreading, and multi-core chips.

The content is designed by a member of staff and approved by the department council.

Review of OSI layered Architecture, TCP/IP Protocols, Data link layer: HDLC, Window flow control, Network layer: Datagram and virtual circuit, Transport protocol: Error-detection and recovery, Presentation layer: Security, Privacy, Text compression, Application layer: Distributed computing, Network operating systems.

An overview of mobile computing and wireless Networks, Signal propagation characteristics of wireless channels, Modulation for wireless systems: QPSK, DQPSK, /4 DQPSK, n-QAM; Multiple access techniques for wireless systems: CSMA/CA, PCF , CDMA, OFDM, OFDMA, SC-OFDMA, FHSS ,DSSS; Cellular Concept: frequency reuse/cellular/microcellular/Pico cell/femtocell concepts; Wireless networking standards: Wireless PAN (IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) and IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)) ,Wireless LAN ( IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n), 4G mobile wireless ( LTE, LTE-Advanced, and Mobile WIMAX IEEE802.16e/m); Radio and network resource management; Systems issues such as performance evaluation; Quality of service guarantees and reliability; Cognitive Radio Networks; Mobile IP.

Fundamental concepts of performance evaluation of computer systems and networks; Fundamental performance analysis techniques including methods for performance measurement, Performance metrics, Monitoring, Experimental design, and system modeling; Introduction to Queuing theory, Markov Chains, Separable queuing networks, Priority queuing systems and Queuing Networks; Other topics include: Comparing two or more systems; Performance bottleneck identification; Characterizing the load on the system; Determining the number and size of components; Mean value analysis, and modeling; Applications of the learned concepts to measure the performances of computer systems like communication networks, LANs and I/O systems.

Introduction & Overview: Overview of wireless sensor networks protocols, (deployment & coverage) issues, and applications; Sensor Node Hardware & Operating Systems: Sensor hardware platforms (MOTES), TinyOS; Physical and link layers: MAC issues, localization, self-organization, time synchronization, power management; Network Layer Protocols (energy-aware or attribute-based routing): node discovery protocols, data dissemination, data aggregation, cluster-based protocols (LEACH), query models; reliable transport protocols; Sensor Network Programming: nesC; Security issues in Sensor Networks: SPINS protocol.

Review of Network Technologies for LANs and WANs. Inter-networking. IP, UDP, and TCP protocols, broadcasting and multi-casting, MPLS, Internet Addressing, Internet Routing Protocols: Gateways, OSPF routing, BGP. Network security: polices, responsibilities, access control, encryption and privacy, public key encryption, DES, RSA, packet filtering and firewall concepts, digital signature; Application Layer Protocols: WWW protocols, DNS, SMTP, the socket application program interface API, client server interaction, SNMP, Multimedia Protocols & standards MPEG, JPEG.

Standards for local area networks. Performance analysis measures. Contention-based protocols: ALOHA, CSMA and variations. Demand-assignment protocols: polling, token passing, packet reservation multiple access. Fixed-assignment protocols: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA. Optical networks. Wireless networks. Analysis, queuing models, and simulation of some representative LAN protocols.

Basic of wireless communication & channel: multipath, noise, and interference. Multiplexing techniques: CDMA, OFDM, FHSS, DSSS. Wireless Media access control protocols: CSMA/CA, PCF. Wireless LAN & MAN networks: Ad hoc networks design and routing. Sensor networks. QoS in wireless networks. Mobile IP. Wireless Networks Standards: Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n, IEEE 802.15 standards, IEEE802.11e for differentiated services. Review of current research topics in the open literature.

The content is designed by a member of staff and approved by the department council.

Sampling and quantization of images, Filtering, Restoration and enhancement in both the spatial domain and in the frequency domain. Color image processing. Image compression. Morphology and image segmentation. Feature extraction and scene analysis.

Fundamentals of digital image processing, basics of image enhancement in spatial and frequency domain, image restoration, color image processing, image compression and multi-resolution image processing.

Linguistic Information, Speech Production Mechanism, Acoustic Characteristics of Speech. Speech Analysis, Spectral Analysis, Cepstrum, Filter Bank, Zero-Crossing, Analysis-Synthesis, Pitch Extraction, Linear Predictive Coding. Speech Recognition, Spectral Distance Measures, Structure of Word Recognition Systems, Dynamic Time Warping, Word recognition using phoneme units. Hidden Markov Models. Speaker Recognition.

Introduction (History, spatial description and transformations..), Robot arm kinematics (Forward & Inverse), Robot Arm dynamic, Planning of manipulators trajectories, Multivariable control of robot manipulators (Nonlinear controllers, Neural Networks Controller, Fuzzy controller, Slide mode controller …), Force control, Geometric nonlinear control, Mobile robots (Models and control), Intelligent autonomous system, Robot programming language and systems, Sensing, Computer vision and vision based control.

Introduction, mobile robot kinematics and dynamics, actuators and sensors, mobile robot localization (odometry and Kalman filter), path planning, motion control, intelligent navigation, robot vision, SLAM using stereo-vision.

Introduction to knowledge based intelligent systems, Rule based expert systems, uncertainties management in rule based expert systems, Fuzzy expert systems, Frame based expert systems, Artificial neural networks, Evolutionary algorithm, Hybrid intelligent systems, Knowledge engineering and data mining.

Discrete-event simulation approaches, Simulation cycle, Probability and statistics in simulation, Mathematical and statistical models, Validation and verification of simulation models, Random number generation, Building valid and credible simulation models, Modeling of simulation data, Output data analysis, Simulation software, Distributed and parallel simulation, Simulation techniques of some well-known systems such as Queues, Applications to computer systems, Case studies.

Introduction to Computer Security/History, case studies, Risk Analysis and Security Planning, Security Policies and Models, Access Controls, Program Security – (Trojan Horses, Viruses, Worms), Operating system security, Cryptography & Hashing Techniques, Encryption-based Protocols, Authentication/PKI, Network Security, Network Cryptographic Protocols, Traffic Analysis & Prevention, Network Security Standards, IP Security Options, Firewalls and protocol vulnerabilities

Every student selects a topic to prepare a seminar for, and produces a report.

The student selects a research topic and conducts a literature review in relation to the topic.

The student selects a research project to complete (part 1)

The student selects a research project to complete (part 2)

Random variables. Moments. Conditional distributions and moments. Functions of random variables. Joint distributions and moments. Random process models: basic concepts, properties. Stationary random processes: covariance and spectrum. Response of linear systems to random inputs: discrete-time and continuous-time models. Time averages and Ergodic principle. Sampling principle and interpolation. Selected applications in Control, Networks and Communication Systems

Solving logic design problems with CAD tools for VLSI circuits. Analysis and design of exact and heuristic algorithms for logic synthesis. Topics: representation and optimization of combinational logic functions (encoding problems, binary decision diagrams), representation and optimization of multiple level networks (algebraic and Boolean methods, don’t-care set computation, timing verification, and optimization), modeling and optimization of sequential functions and networks (retiming), semi custom libraries and library binding.

Instruction set principles, Pipelining, pipelining hurdles. Instruction level parallelism, Data hazards avoidance, Dynamic Scheduling, Dynamic Hardware prediction. Memory Hierarchy Design, Cache design, Storage systems, Busses, I/O performance measures. Interconnection Networks, Introduction Multiprocessors architectures.

The principles and tradeoffs in the design of parallel architectures. Emphasis is on naming, latency, bandwidth, and synchronization in parallel machines. Parallel programming models, multiprocessor systems, multi-computer clusters, Case studies on shared memory, message passing, data flow, and data parallel machines. Architectural studies and lectures on techniques for programming parallel computers.

Physical Fault Errors and Failures; Fault Analysis and Diagnosis in Digital Circuits; Fault Modeling; Testing Techniques; Test Generation and Fault Simulation; Design For Testability; Built-in-self-Test; Reliability Concepts; Fault prevention (fault intolerance); Fault Tolerance; Replication, Redundancy, and Diversity.

Review of OSI layered Architecture, TCP/IP Protocols, Data link layer: HDLC, Window flow control, Network layer: Datagram and virtual circuit, Transport protocol: Error-detection and recovery, Presentation layer: Security, Privacy, Text compression, Application layer: Distributed computing, Network operating systems.

Solutions to analysis and synthesis problems that may be formulated as flow problems in capacity constrained (or cost constrained) networks. Tools for network flow theory using graph theoretic methods. Applications to communication, and transmission problems.

Principles of network design, network design algorithms, centralized network design, static and dynamic routing algorithms, application of minimum spanning tree and shortest path algorithms to problems in network design, distributed network design, case studies.

Underlying principles of personal communications and Cellular systems. Radio signal propagation and signal impairments:, Noise & interference-limited communications, multiple access, radio resources management, and mobility management. Building blocks of personal networks. Essential functions of cellular systems . Examination of the leading and standard systems.

Error, flow and congestion control protocols, multiplexing and multiple-access, switching, routing. Selected case studies on Access networks, packet networks, Broadcasting network, satellite and terrestrial radio networks.

Components, topologies and architecture of optical networks. Basics of the Physical layer, higher network layers and protocols (Media Access Control, Network and Transport Layers) as integral parts of network design. Performance metrics, analysis and optimization techniques will be developed to help guide the creation of high performance complex optical networks.

Sensor network and Ad-Hoc networks :characteristics & applications, routing and performance analysis. deployment; energy-efficiency; wireless communications; data-centric operation; capacity and lifetime; reliability, fault-tolerance and security. Standards of sensor networks

Overview of wireless networks with multimedia services. Physical Layer, Wireless Networks Medium-Access Control (MAC) protocols (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, ALOHA-based, CSMA/CA). Wireless & Multimedia Networks: Standards: 802.11, 802.11e , 802.11n , 802.15, and 802.16 …etc , QoS , wireless & multimedia networks new trends and applications.

Basics, theories, architectures, and technologies for high-performance high-speed large-scale routers and switches. Fundamental concepts and technologies of packet forwarding, classification, and switching in IP routers, Ethernet switches, and optical switches. IP Route Lookup, Packet Classification, Packet Scheduling, Buffer Management, Basics of Packet Switching, Input-buffered Switches, Output-buffered Switches, Shared-memory Switches, Crosspoint-buffered Switches, Close-network Switches,

Discrete time signals, Z-transforms. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Fast Fourier transform (FFT). Design of finite impulse response filter (FIR) and Infinite impulse response filter (IIR), Effects of finite word length

This course deals with some of the common digital signal processing techniques for the analysis of speech and video signals. Topics include: signal analysis using short-time Fourier transform, linear prediction, and cepstrum processing; applications in speech (& video) compression and coding, speech and speaker recognition, audio and video watermarking and steganography, and speech & video enhancement, inferring 3D properties from, object detection & recognition, multiview geometry, and structure from motion. Pre-requests: Digital signal processing and Digital image processing.

Decision theory, parameter estimation, density estimation, non-parametric techniques, supervised learning, linear discriminant functions, clustering, unsupervised learning, artificial neural networks, feature extraction, support vector machines, and pattern recognition applications (e.g., face recognition, fingerprint recognition, automatic target recognition, etc.), overview of other machine learning techniques and data mining.

Introduction to robot architectures; Software programming methods including: sensors, planning, control, and learning. Nanorobotics: nanotechnology, sensing, control, actuation, and propulsion; Communication, power, programming and coordination of robot swarms. Nanomanipulation and nanoassembly with atomic force microscopes.

In this course, students are able to study advanced topics in Computer Engineering. The content and syllabi of this course is designed by a member of staff and approved by the department council.

Independent Research Study

Independent Research Study